Bernardia

• Authority

  Cervantes, A., et al. 2009. Foliar architecture and anatomy of and other genera of Acalyphoideae (Euphorbiaceae). Brittonia. 61 (4): 375-391.

• Family

  Euphorbiaceae

• Scientific Name

  Bernardia

• Description

  
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  Genus Description - Leaves alternate, simple, nanophylls to mesophylls, rarely leptophylls (B. spartioides (Baill.) Müll. Arg.), mostly chartaceous, rarely coriaceous, fleshy or membranaceous, persistent or caducous, mostly elliptic, sometimes oblong, ovate or obovate, rarely narrowly triangular (B. spartioides), symmetrical, sometimes slightly asymmetrical at the base, base and apex acute or sometimes obtuse, margin serrate or crenate, rarely entire, teeth simple or compound, tooth spacing regular or irregular (Fig. 1 A-E); cicatricose-crateriform glands typ- ically present sometimes paired (Fig. 2A; absent in B. sidoides (Klotzsch) Müll. Arg. and B. lagunensis (M. E. Jones) L. C. Wheeler), marginal glands present (Fig. 2B; absent in B. incana C. V. Morton); most of the species with intermediate venation, a few pinnatinerved, agrophic veins usually present; primary vein moderate to stout, rarely weak, straight; secondary venation craspedodromous or semi- craspedodromous, rarely paralellodromous [in B. spartioides (Fig. IE)], with (3-)5 or 6(- 11) pairs of secondary veins with an acute angle of divergence; tertiary veins opposite percurrent, sometimes mixed (opposite and alternate) percurrent; quaternary veins polygonal reticulate; orders of venation 5 or 6, rarely 4; aréoles imperfect, incomplete or rarely absent (Fig. 2C-E); veinlets simple to branched more than twice, rarely absent; ultimate marginal venation with incomplete loops. Midvein and higher order veins with a parenchymatous or sclerified bundle sheath, terminal veinlets naked or rarely sheathed with sclerenchyma; mesophyll dorsiventral, some species with numerous air cavities (e.g., B. macrocarpa A. Cerv. & Flores Olv.), only five species with dispersed fibers (B. corensis (Jacq.) Müll. Arg., B. hirsutissima (Baill.) Müll. Arg., B. pulchella (Baill.) Müll. Arg., B. spartioides, and B. chinantlensis A. Cerv. & Flores Olv.; Fig. 3A- C), with numerous druses in the mesophyll (Fig. 2D, E) and also in the phloem parenchyma, without tannins in spongy parenchyma; epidermis simple, epidermal cells isodiametric in surface view, abaxial anticlinal cell walls straight or undulate; cuticle smooth or striate; stornata mostly abaxial, sometimes also in the adaxial surface, paracytic, guard cells with short or long striations (absent in B. hirsutissima and B. chinantlensis; Fig. 4A-D); densely to sparsely pubescent, trichomes simple or mixed simple/stellate (Fig. 5), rarely absent, papillate or smooth.