Callirhoe involucrata var. lineariloba (Torr. & A.Gray) A.Gray

Authority

Dorr, Laurence J. 1990. A revision of the North American genus (Malvaceae). Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 56: 1-74.

Family

Malvaceae

Scientific Name

Callirhoe involucrata var. lineariloba (Torr. & A.Gray) A.Gray

Type

Type. United States. Texas: Austin Co., San Felipe de Austin, 1834, Drummond 40 (lectotype, here designated, NY; isolectotypes, BM, E, G, K  3 sheets, NY, OXF, P).

Description

Species Description - Decumbent to weakly erect perennials, (0.4-) 0.8-8 dm long. Taproots slender to stout, fusiform or napiform, to 3 dm long. Stems 4-11 per taproot, unbranched, spreading; stem vestiture of four-rayed stellate hairs, the rays appressed to ascending, and simple, spreading hairs. Leaf lohes oblong or obovate, the margins entire, crenate or dissected; basal and lower cauline leaf blades 1-6.5(-8) cm long, 1-7(-9.5) cm wide, with petioles 1-11 (-23.5) cm long; cauline leaves 1.5-7.5(-9) cm long, 2-9(-12) cm wide, with petioles 0.7-9 cm long. Stipules ovate to ovate lanceolate or cordate, 2.5-11.5 mm long, 1.5-7(-9) mm wide. Flowering pedicels 2-21 (-29) cm long; fruiting pedicels 2-18(-25) cm long; involucel of three linear to lanceolate bracts, 4.5-10(-13.5) mm long, 0.5-1.8(-2) mm wide, all the bracts approximate to the calyx. Flowers perfect or malesterile; floral buds 6.5-16(-19) mm tall, 3-9 mm broad, the apices of sepals distinct and divergent, forming a (1.5-)2-7(-11) mm tall projection; calyx lobes of perfect flowers lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, 7-14.5(-18) mm long, 2.5-5.5 mm wide, those of male-sterile flowers similar to those of perfect flowers, 7.5-10 mm long, 3-4 mm wide; petals vinaceous or deep red, with a white basal spot, rarely entirely white or white and tinged with lavender or pale lavender, when lavender the petal margins white, those of perfect flowers 1.4-3.5 cm long, 0.8-3.2 cm wide, those of male-sterile flowers 1-2 cm long, 0.6-1.5 cm wide; staminal column of perfect flowers 8-10 mm long, upper 2/3-4/5 of column antheriferous, lower 1/5-1/3 glabrous; anther sacs white or orangered; stigmata white, red or pink. Fruit 7-9.5 mm in diameter; mericarps 15-23(-28), rounded to ovate, 2-4.2 mm tall, 1.7-3.5 mm wide, beaks truncate or incurved, 0.7-2 mm long, glabrous or strigose, the endoglossa inconspicuous or conspicuous, the collars weakly developed. Seeds black, 2-2.6 mm long, 1.7-2 mm wide. Self compatible. Gametic chromosome numbers « = 14, 15, 21?, 28?, 28-30, 30, 34-35?, 42?

Discussion

Malva involucrata Torrey & Gray ß lineariloba Torrey & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 226. 1838. Malva lineariloba (Torrey & Gray) Young, Fl. Texas 180. 1873. Callirhoe lineariloba (Torrey & Gray) A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 19: 74. 1883, "Callirrhoe." Callirhoe involucrata (Torrey & Gray) var. linearifolia Neflf, Simpson & Dorr, J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 55: 511. 1982, nom. nud., sphalm. pro lineariloba. Although the Drummond collection at NY, examined by Torrey and cited as the type of Malva involucrata p lineariloba Torrey & Gray, indicates only that Texas was the collecting locality, two duplicates at K have additional information. They are marked "San Felipe" for San Felipe de Austin, which is in present-day Austin Co., Texas. McKelvey (1955) recorded that Drummond visited San Felipe de Austin in August and October 1833 and again in April 1834. Undoubtedly Drummond collected this spring-flowering species on the latter date. Figs. 1D, 3E, 5H, 7D, 8A, B, 16, 18. Callirhoe palmata Buckley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 13: 449. 1861 [1862], "Callirrhoe." Callirhoe involucrata (Torrey & Gray) A. Gray var. palmata (Buckley) Britton, Trans. N e w York Acad. Sci. 9: 183. 1890. Type. United States. Texas: Mason Co., banks of Brady Creek N of Ft. Mason, Jun 1861, Buckley s.n. (lectotype, here designated, P H , photograph, N A ; probable isolectotype, G H ) . Callirhoe geranioides Small, BuU. N e w York Bot. Gard. 1: 283. 1899, "Callirrhoe." Type. United States. Texas: Rio Bravo del Norte, cafion between Eagle Pass and Laredo on sandy bottom land. Mar, Apr 1852, Schott s.n. (Mexican Boundary Survey) (lectotype, here designated, N Y ; possible isolectotypes, F, K, P). The lectotype has two labels, one printed and the other handwritten. The printed label is headed "Mexican Boundary Survey" and bears the following information: "Collected under the direction of Major W . H. Emory, Commissioner, chiefly in the Valley ofthe Rio Grande, below Donana—by C. C. Parry, M . D., J. M . Bigelow, M . D., Mr. Charles Wright, and Mr. A. Schott." The number 87 is pencilled in the upper right-hand comer of this label. The handwritten label indicates that Schott was the collector and this label is the source of the locality information provided by Small (1899). The type specimen is distinctive and represents a south Texas and northem Mexico form of Callirhoe involucrata var. lineariloba, characterized by tufted stellate hairs, crenate or incised-crenate leaves, long peduncles, and pale purple flowers. Mixed collections of this form and more typical C. i. var. lineariloba with the Mexican Boundary Survey labels are at K and P. Both specimens also have the number 87 pencilled in the upper right-hand comer of the labels. The elements of these two collections that resemble the lectotype collection are possibly isolectotypes. McVaugh (1951) has pointed out that some of the sets of plants collected on the Mexican Boundary Survey that were distributed with printed labels were arranged systematically according to supposed identities and then numbered without regard for collector or locality. Thus, all plants of what was considered a single species were assigned the same number. This would account for the mixed nature of the collections at K and P. A third isolectotype at F lacks the printed Mexican Boundary Survey label, but it has a label indicating that it was part of Schott's herbarium. In addition there is a handwritten label with the locality "Eagle Pass, Texas." This is sufficiently similar to the locality data given on the lectotype to consider this specimen part of the same collection. Callirhoe involucrata (Torrey & A. Gray) A. Gray var. parviflora Hochreutiner, Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Geneve 20: 127. 1917. Type. United States. Texas: Taylor Co., Abilene, 20 M a y 1902, Tracy 7818 (Plants of the Gulf States) (lectotype, here designated, G; isolectotypes, BM, CU, E, F, GH, MO, NA - photograph of GH, NY - 2 sheets, TEX, US). Hochreutiner misinterpreted the small corollas of a white fowered, male-sterile collection of Callirhoe involucrata var. lineariloba and based his new variety on these floral characters. One ofthe isotypes (CU) that was not seen by Hochreutiner is a hermaphroditic plant and has normal-sized coroUas. Callirhoe sidalceoides Standley, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 17: 198. 1937, "Callirrhoe." Type. Mexico. Coahuila: Mpio. Melchor Muzquiz, Muzquiz, Spring 1935, Marsh 100 (holotype, F, non vidi; isotypes, GH, pf, TEX - 2 sheets).

Distribution: Great Plains, Central Lowlands, and Gulf Coastal Plain; High Plains, Red River Rolling Plains, Black Prairies, Edwards Plateau, Nueces Plains, Fayette Prairies, and Coastal Dark Prairies in Texas and adjacent Oklahoma. Prairies, meadows, pine woods, oak woods, oak-hickory flatwoods, roadsides and other disturbed areas; sandy, gravelly, clay or heavy black loam soil. Adventive in Rorida, Colorado, and northem Coahuila, Mexico. In central and southern Texas it is occasionally sympatric with Callirhoe leiocarpa. Flowering mid February to early July and sporadically later.

Common Names

wine cup, cowboy rose, Micoanujasqui, copa de vino

Distribution

Great Plains, Central Lowlands, and Gulf Coastal Plain; High Plains, Red River Rolling Plains, Black Prairies, Edwards Plateau, Nueces Plains, Fayette Prairies, and Coastal Dark Prairies in Texas and adjacent Oklahoma.

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