Triandrophyllum subtrifidum (Hook.f. & Taylor) Fulford & Hatcher

Authority

Fulford, Margaret H. 1963. Manual of the leafy Hepaticae of Latin America--Part I. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 11: 1-172.

Family

Herbertaceae

Scientific Name

Triandrophyllum subtrifidum (Hook.f. & Taylor) Fulford & Hatcher

Description

Species Description - Plants of medium to large size, brown, ascending to erect, in tufts or cushions; stems to 6 cm long, with leaves to 3 mm wide, irregularly branched ; lateral branches leafy, occasional, ventral branches intercalary, more frequent, leafy or flagelliform; stems in transverse section 12 to 16 cells in diameter, the cells of the cortical band in one or two rows, small, thick-walled, those of the medulla large, with thinner walls. Line of leaf insertion oblique and decurved at the dorsal end, the leaves incubous. Leaves approximate to imbricate, spreading, tending to be deflexed, asymmetric, 1-2 mm long, 0.9-1.5 mm wide, ovate to ovate-truncate, the margins entire, bifid or trifid to one-half of their length; segments lanceolate or broader, acute to blunt; leaf-cells at the base of the segments quadrate to hexagonal in outline, 27-36 X 27-30 µ, thin-walled, the trigones minute or absent, the cuticle smooth to verruculose. Underleaves symmetric, as large as the leaves or scarcely smaller. Plants diocious. Male inflorescence terminal becoming intercalary on the stem or a branch, the bracts and bracteoles in eight or more series, similar to the leaves and underleaves, the margins often with more teeth; antheridia two or three in the axils of both bracts and bracteoles. Female inflorescence terminal on the stem or branch, without or with one or two subfloral innovations, the bracts and bracteoles like the leaves and underleaves, slightly larger, the lateral margins with a few teeth. Perianth 2-3.5 cm long, fusiform, divided to one-fourth of its length into six to nine entire, lanceolate lacineae. Sporophyte capsule red-brown, the wall of five layers of cells, in surface view, the outer layer with knot-like thickenings in rows along the radial walls; elaters long, tapering, bispiral; spores red-brown, averaging 20 µ, smooth to faintly verruculose. Fig. 1, a-g.

Discussion

Jungermannia subtrifida J. D. Hooker & T. Taylor, London Jour. Bot. 3: 579. 1844. Isotachis subtrifida (Hooker & Taylor) Mitten, in J. D. Hooker, Bot. Antarct. Voy. 22: 148. 1855. Isotachis ripensis Spruce, Trans. Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinb. 15: 339. 1885. Isotachis anceps Massalongo, Nuovo Gior. Bot. Ital. 17: 219. pl. 15. f. 9. 1885. Isotachis nordenskjöldii Stephani, Spec. Hep. 3: 659. 1909. Isotachis halleana Stephani, Sv. Vet.-akad. Handl. 469: 69. f. 27 a, b. 1911. Isotachis lancioba Stephani, Sv. Vet.-akad. Handl. 469: 70. f. 26 f-g. 1911. Isotachis heterophylla Stephani, Spec. Hep. 6: 354. 1924. Isotachis mutabilis Herzog in Herzog & Hosseus, Arch. Escuel. Farm. Fac. Ci. Méd. Córdoba 7: 26. 1938. Isotachis ripensis var. armata Herzog, Revue Bryol. Lichénol. 11: 24. 1938 [1939]. The species also occurs in the Falkland Islands, collected by Skottsberg (type of I. lanciloba) (G) and Tristan da Cunha (Arnell, 1958). The species was first collected in Tasmania (type K, isotype G) and also occurs in New Zealand. There are additional reports of the species from American localities in the literature: Costa Rica (Herzog, 1938a), Argentina (Kühnemann, 1949) ; Patagonia—Tierra del Fuego (Arnell, 1955; Gola, 1923; Herzog, 1954; Massalongo, 1927; K. Müller, 1955; Stephani, 1900 a, b; 1901a; 1911).

Distribution

Habitat: Over soil and rocks in moise shaded areas in open meadows, banks, etc.

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