Marchantia chenopoda L.

  • Authority

    Bischler, Hélène, et al. 2005. Marchantiidae. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 97: 1--262. (Published by NYBG Press)

  • Family

    Marchantiaceae

  • Scientific Name

    Marchantia chenopoda L.

  • Type

    Type (Bischler, 1984). Martinique, s. col. (Plum. fil. 143. T. 142).

  • Synonyms

    Chlamidium indicum Corda, Marchantia brasiliensis Lehm. & Lindenb., Marchantia martinicensis Sieber, Grimaldia peruviana Nees & Mont., Marchantia peruviana (Nees & Mont.) Mont., Preissia mexicana Steph., Preissia barbata Herzog

  • Description

    Deprecated: mb_convert_encoding(): Handling HTML entities via mbstring is deprecated; use htmlspecialchars, htmlentities, or mb_encode_numericentity/mb_decode_numericentity instead in /home/emu/nybgweb/www-dev/htdocs/science-dev/wp-content/themes/nybgscience/lib/VHMonographsDetails.php on line 179

    Species Description - Thallus green to light or yellowish green, usually 2.9-5.3 mm wide, without distinct median band on dorsal side; margins usually purplish, marginal cells thick-walled. Epidermal pores usually 71-111 µm diam., inner opening bordered by cells with straight to slightly convex inner walls. Basal tissue with yellow or purplish sclerotic cells, with or without mucilage cavities. Ventral scales in 4 rows; appendage of median scales orange or purplish, seldom yellow, triangular (length/width ratio usually 1.3-2.3:1); usually 7-13 cells wide, apex acuminate, acute or apiculate, margins entire, irregularly crenulate or angular, sometimes irregularly toothed with 1-celled teeth, marginal cells usually 1.3-2.9 times smaller than inner cells, oil cells rare; laminal scales purplish or light red. Gemma cups with cilia usually 3-5 cells long, outer side without papillae. Stalks of gametangiophores without conspicuous scales basally. Antheridiophore stalk with 2 narrow, often interrupted bands of air chambers or without bands, and 2 rhizoid furrows; receptacle palmate, usually 4.1-7.1 mm diam., deeply dissected into (2-)3-4(-9) rays, with numerous papillae on dorsal side. Archegoniophore stalk with 2 narrow bands of air chambers and 2 rhizoid furrows; receptacle usually 3.7-5.5 mm diam., strongly asymmetrical, hemispherical, without median projection dorsally, shallowly dissected into 5 rounded lobes not broadened apically; scales of receptacle without sinuose marginal cells apically. Involucres with cilia usually 3-5 cells long at the margins. Spores yellowish brown, usually 25-27 µm diam., with tuberculate areoles. Gametophytic chromosome number n = 9.

  • Discussion

    Marchantia chenopoda is a common species in the Neotropics, growing on clayey and sandy soil, and on soil over rocks (sandstone, limestone, granite, schist), on water edges (streams, waterfalls, drainages), often ruderal, on roadsides, banks, in meadows, exposed or under open vegetation. It is most common below 2000 m, but has been collected up to 3300 m.

    Marchantia chenopoda is a polymorphic species, able to adapt to a variety of habitats. Female plants are easily distinguished from the other neotropical species by the archegoniophore stalks with 2 narrow bands of air chambers. The hemispherical receptacles are strongly asymmetrical, always shallowly 5-lobed. In M. breviloba, the number of lobes is greater than 5 and the receptacle nearly symmetrical. Sterile samples can be distinguished by the shape of the appendages of the median scales, which are acuminate and acute in M. chenopoda but wide and usually rounded apically in M. breviloba. The thallus margins separate M. chenopoda from M. inflexa: usually purplish and with thickened marginal cells in M. chenopoda and hyaline and with thin-walled cells in M. inflexa. The cilia of the cupules are 3-5 cells long in M. chenopoda, 1-2 cells long in M. inflexa.

    Distribution and ecology: Marchantia chenopoda has a wide distribution, from 23°N to 35°S in the New World. It has been recorded from Mexico (Chiapas, D. R, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico, Michoacan, Oaxaca, Puebla, Veracruz), Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Leeward Is. (St. Kitts), Windward Is. (Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique, St. Vincent, Grenada (Evans, 1917)), Colombia (Antioquia, Arauca, Boyaca, Caldas, Cauca, Chocó, Cundinamarca, Huila (Van Zanten & Gradstein, 1988), Magdalena, Meta, Nariño, Risaralda (Gradstein, 1995), Santander, Santander del Norte, Tolima, Valle), Venezuela (Aragua, Carabobo, Caracas, D. R of Caracas, Mérida, Trujillo), Trinidad, Suriname, French Guiana (?; only one old record (Cayenne, 1821, leg. Sieber, W), might be based on erroneous label), Ecuador (Carchi, Chimborazo, Morona Santiago, Napo-Pastaza, Pastaza, Pichincha, Tunguragua, Galápagos Is. (Isabela, Sta Cruz)), Peru (Ayacucho, Cuzco, Huanuco, Junín, Loreto (Stephani, 1905), Pasco, San Martín), Brazil (Amazonas (Nees, 1833), Espíritu Santo, Mato Grosso (Vianna 1976), Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul (Vianna, 1970; Oliveira e Silva & Yano 2000), Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Bolivia (Cochabamba, La Paz, Santa Cruz (Gradstein et al., 2003)), Chile (Los Lagos (Stephani 1911), Valparaíso), Paraguay, Argentina (Salta, Tucumán (Hässel de Menéndez, 1963)), Uruguay. Selected neotropical

  • Distribution

    São Paulo Brazil South America| Rio de Janeiro Brazil South America| Santa Catarina Brazil South America| Espirito Santo Brazil South America| Minas Gerais Brazil South America| Paraná Brazil South America| Guadeloupe South America| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines South America| Martinique South America| Dominica South America| Haiti South America| Veracruz Mexico North America| Distrito Federal Mexico North America| Hidalgo Mexico North America| México Mexico North America| Jalisco Mexico North America| Chiapas Mexico North America| Oaxaca Mexico North America| Michoacán Mexico North America| Puebla Mexico North America| Suriname South America| Salta Argentina South America| Valparaíso Chile South America| Rivas Nicaragua Central America| Chiriquí Panamá Central America| Bocas del Toro Panamá Central America| Brazil South America| Alajuela Costa Rica Central America| Cartago Costa Rica Central America| Limón Costa Rica Central America| San José Costa Rica Central America| Chalatenango El Salvador Central America| San Salvador El Salvador Central America| Alta Verapaz Guatemala Central America| Sololá Guatemala Central America| Suchitepéquez Guatemala Central America| Comayagua Honduras Central America| Morazán Honduras Central America| Managua Nicaragua Central America| Cochabamba Bolivia South America| La Paz Bolivia South America| Carchi Ecuador South America| Chimborazo Ecuador South America| Galápagos Islands Ecuador South America| Morona-Santiago Ecuador South America| Napo Ecuador South America| Pastaza Ecuador South America| Pichincha Ecuador South America| Tungurahua Ecuador South America| Amambay Paraguay South America| Ayacucho Peru South America| Cusco Peru South America| Huánuco Peru South America| Junín Peru South America| Pasco Peru South America| San Martín Peru South America| Montevideo Uruguay South America| Aragua Venezuela South America| Carabobo Venezuela South America| Distrito Federal Venezuela South America| Mérida Venezuela South America| Trujillo Venezuela South America| Antioquia Colombia South America| Arauca Colombia South America| Boyacá Colombia South America| Caldas Colombia South America| Cauca Colombia South America| Chocó Colombia South America| Cundinamarca Colombia South America| Magdalena Colombia South America| Meta Colombia South America| Nariño Colombia South America| Santander Colombia South America| Tolima Colombia South America| Valle Colombia South America| Costa Rica South America| Panama Central America| Saint Andrew Jamaica South America| La Vega Dominican Republic South America| Santiago de Cuba Cuba South America| Oriente Cuba South America| Caguas Puerto Rico South America| Ponce Puerto Rico South America| Saint Kitts Saint Kitts and Nevis South America| Trinidad and Tobago South America| Kingston Jamaica South America|