Endlicheria paniculata (Spreng.) J.F.Macbr.

  • Authority

    Chanderbali, Andre S. 2004. (Lauraceae). Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 91: 1-141. (Published by NYBG Press)

  • Family

    Lauraceae

  • Scientific Name

    Endlicheria paniculata (Spreng.) J.F.Macbr.

  • Type

    Type. Brazil. Without locality, Sellow s.n. (holotype: B [fide Kostermans, 1937]-n.v.).

  • Synonyms

    Cryptocarya hirsuta Schott, Nectandra lucida Nees, Goeppertia longifolia Nees, Goeppertia panicularis Nees, Goeppertia cantagallana Meisn., Goeppertia hirsuta var. coriacea Meisn., Goeppertia hirsuta var. hirsutior Meisn., Goeppertia hirsuta var. latifolia Meisn., Endlicheria hirsuta var. glabrata Glaz., Endlicheria hirsuta var. robusta Glaz., Endlicheria boliviensis Kosterm., Endlicheria racemosa Lasser, Citrosma paniculata Spreng.

  • Description

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    Species Description - Trees to 10 m (rarely 20 m). Branchlets slender to stout, midway along flush 3-6 mm diam., angular, densely pubescent, the surface barely visible to concealed by the indument cover, the hairs relatively short to long, (0.3-)0.6(-1.5) mm, straight, erect to appressed, rusty red to grey; terminal buds plump, 3 × 2 mm, densely pubescent, the hairs as on branchlets, ascending. Leaves alternate, widely and evenly spaced along current flush; petioles slender, to 2 × 0.3 cm, terete, the indument as on branchlets; laminae chartaceous to membranaceous, plane, ovate to obovate, 7-30 × 2-12 cm, the base acute to obtuse, the apex obtuse to acute, acuminate for up to 1.5 cm, the margins minutely recurved throughout; upper surface reddish to olive-brown, waxy, the midrib and secondaries sunken, the higher-order venation raised or immersed; lower surface densely pubescent, the hairs as on branchlets, uniformly distributed or denser on main veins, all vein orders raised, their prominence decreasing with rank; secondary veins 4-6 per side, ± evenly spaced, slightly more distant around midlamina, ascending at 50-60° (more obtuse around midlamina), arcuate, distal pairs loop-connected; tertiaries roughly horizontal, between secondaries straight to forked. Staminate inflorescences evenly spaced along current flush in the axils of foliage leaves, to 20 cm long with 14 lateral branches, branch orders 3-4, the highest order dichasial, lax, the flowers distant, the axes densely pubescent, the indument as on branchlets; bracts and bracteoles caducous by anthesis, rarely persisting, ovate to lanceolate, densely pubescent, the hairs as on axes, ascending; pedicels terete, to 4 mm long, those supporting secondary flowers slightly shorter. Flowers rotate, 2-4 mm diam., sparsely to densely silvery or rusty strigose outside; receptacle infundibuliform, 0.5 × 1 mm, densely rusty or grey-pilose inside. Tepals chartaceous to membranaceous, ovate to ligulate, 1.5 × 0.7 mm, spreading at anthesis, the inner surface densely silvery grey-strigose, the margins minutely papillose. Stamens of whorls I and II stipitate, 1 mm tall, the anthers ovate, 0.6 × 0.4 mm, glabrous, the connectives broad above, reduced between, or hornlike over, the 2 locelli, these suborbicular, introrse-latrorse, the filaments laminar, narrower than anthers, sparsely grey-pilose; whorl III stamens broadly stipitate, 1 mm tall, the anthers oblong, 0.5 × 0.4 mm, erect, locelli 2, extrorse-latrorse, the filaments equal to or slightly narrower than anthers, ligulate, the indument as in outer whorls, the basal glands sessile, globose; whorl IV wanting; pistillode fusiform. Pistillate inflorescence with indument and color as in staminate plants, but shorter and with fewer lateral branches, the flowers similar in size and shape; stamens sterile, smaller; ovary glabrous, ovoid; style stout, indistinct from ovary; stigma broadly trilobed, 0.6 mm diam. Fruits borne on claviform pedicels of up to 2 × 0.5 cm; cupules hemispherical, to 1 × 1.5 cm, glabrous outside, strigose inside, the margins entire, or tepal bases persisting; drupes ovoid, to 2.5 × 1.2 cm.

  • Discussion

    As circumscribed here, Endlicheria paniculata accommodates considerable variation in leaf size and shape, but more disturbing to any sense of intraspecific uniformity are the different manifestations of vestiture. The type material and most collections of this species are from the Atlantic coastal forests of SE Brazil where one usually finds rusty tomentose indument covering the lower surfaces of narrowly ovate leaves. However, this indument can appear with broadly ovate (e.g., Araujo 6776), or even obovate leaves (e.g., Heringer et al 3187). Similarly irrespective of leaf size and shape, a subsericeous vestiture of pale appressed hairs, e.g., Sellow 433 (type of E. hirsuta var. latifolia) and Glaziou 3092 (type of E. hirsuta var. glabrata), or a hirsute cover of longer, more stiffly erect, dark red hairs (e.g., Rambo 45269 and Brade 8195), are both found in SE Brazil.

    These vegetative instabilities are repeated throughout the range of E. paniculata. The typical form, with rusty tomentose ovate leaves, is widespread, ranging from SE Brazil through lower montane Andean slopes from Bolivia (e.g., Solomon 12948) to Venezuela (e.g., Steyermark & Espinoza 110275). The other variants are also widespread. Sub-sericeous indument reappears with ovate leaves in NW South America, including the type of E. racemosa, and ranges into Panama, while in western Amazonia it combines with obovate leaves in the type of E. longifolia. Likewise, hirsute indument reappears in western Amazonia with either ovate (e.g., Schunke 1617) or obovate leaves (e.g., Poeppig 2298, the type of E. poeppigii). However, as in SE Brazil, tomentose forms that are otherwise indistinguishable from these subsericeous and hirsute forms are found in sympatry. Flowers also vary in E. paniculata, but only slightly and not in correlation with indument. All are rotate with horizontally spreading tepals, stipitate whorl I and II stamens, and broadly stipitate whorl III stamens with relatively large globose glands, but the anther apices in whorl I and II may be truncate or emarginate. The latter condition may combine with hornlike lobes persisting above each locule, as was indicated as diagnostic for E. boliviensis (Kostermans, 1937), and appears throughout the range of E. paniculata. In Mexia 6329, staminate flowers are provided with four whorls of stamens (i.e., whorl IV members are fertile). This remarkable situation appears to be an abnormality never repeated in the species, nor elsewhere in Endlicheria.

    Despite the internal variation, E. paniculata is easily recognized by its pinnate venation since other species with rotate flowers and stipitate stamens with truncate anther apices, E. acuminata and E. gracilis, have triplinerved leaves.

  • Common Names

    shiringochy, moena rosada, moenilla, roble, sacha muena, tinchi, canela amarella, canela frade, Canela garuva, canela paluda, laurel, laurel aguacate, laurel moroti

  • Distribution

    Small to medium-sized trees distributed from the Atlantic coastal forests of SE Brazil, through the lower slopes of the Andes in tropical South America to Panama in Central America. Occurring at 50-1000 m throughout its geographic range and reaching over 2000 m in the Andes. Flowers and fruits available throughout the year.

    Panama Central America| San Blás Panama Central America| Colombia South America| Cundinamarca Colombia South America| Huila Colombia South America| Magdalena Colombia South America| Meta Colombia South America| Venezuela South America| Lara Venezuela South America| Táchira Venezuela South America| Yaracuy Venezuela South America| Ecuador South America| Napo Ecuador South America| Sucumbíos Ecuador South America| Peru South America| Amazonas Peru South America| Huánuco Peru South America| Loreto Peru South America| Madre de Dios Peru South America| Pasco Peru South America| San Martín Peru South America| Ucayali Peru South America| Brazil South America| Bahia Brazil South America| Distrito Federal Brazil South America| Espirito Santo Brazil South America| Goiás Brazil South America| Mato Grosso Brazil South America| Mato Grosso do Sul Brazil South America| Minas Gerais Brazil South America| Paraná Brazil South America| Rio de Janeiro Brazil South America| Rio Grande do Sul Brazil South America| Santa Catarina Brazil South America| São Paulo Brazil South America| Bolivia South America| Beni Bolivia South America| La Paz Bolivia South America| Pando Bolivia South America| Santa Cruz Bolivia South America| Paraguay South America| Alto Paraná Paraguay South America| Amambay Paraguay South America| Caazapá Paraguay South America| Canindeyú Paraguay South America| San Pedro Paraguay South America|