Campylophyllum sommerfeltii (Myrin) Hedenäs

  • Authority

    Hedenäs, Lars. 2003. Amblystegiaceae. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 89: 1--107. (Published by NYBG Press)

  • Family

    Hypnaceae

  • Scientific Name

    Campylophyllum sommerfeltii (Myrin) Hedenäs

  • Type

    Type. Norway. Nordland: Saltdalen, ex herb. Sommerfelt s.n. (lectotype, O, designated by Hedenäs, 1997a).

  • Synonyms

    Pterogonium trichocladum Taylor, Ctenidium praegracile Mitt., Campylium squarrosobyssoides Müll.Hal., Hypnum sommerfeltii Myrin, Hypnum affine Hook., Campylium hispidulum var. sommerfeltii (Myrin) Lindb., Campylium sommerfeltii (Myrin) Lange, Campylium trichocladum (Taylor) Broth., Campylium praegracile (Mitt.) Broth.

  • Description

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    Species Description - Plants small or minute; green or yellow-green. Stem irregularly branched in one plane; central strand present or not, slender; pseudoparaphyllia narrow-lanceolate to narrowly triangular or filamentose; paraphyllia absent; axillary hairs with 1-3-celled upper part, this hyaline when young, upper cells mostly linear or short-linear. Stem leaves 0.5-0.8(-0.9) mm long, laxly inserted to relatively crowded; patent to spreading or recurved from erect-patent to almost spreading base, ovate or broadly triangular-ovate or cordate, ± constricted at insertion, narrowing abruptly or gradually to acumen (when narrowing abruptly constituting (40-)43-62(-65)% of leaf length), concave, not or hardly decurrent; acumen channeled; apex acuminate; margin denticulate or finely so, sometimes partly entire; costa double and short, ending 10-25% way up leaf, rarely ending in an obtuse spine; median laminal cells 19.0-71.5 × 4.5-8.5 µm, incrassate or slightly incrassate, porose or not, smooth or usually having at least some cells distally and abaxially prorate; upper alar cells (transverse-rectangular or) quadrate or rectangular; basal alar cells short- to long-rectangular, hardly widened (to 8.5-16.0 µm wide); alar group square or short-rectangular, extending from leaf margin 40-50% of distance to leaf middle at insertion. Inner perichaetial leaves narrowing ± abruptly to narrow-acuminate apex. Seta (7-) 10-22 mm long; capsule curved, horizontal. Exostome outside cross-striolate in lower part. Spores 9.0-14.5 µm, finely papillose.

  • Discussion

    Notes. As pointed out by Hedenäs (1997a), the type of Ctenidium praegracile Mitt, fits within the variation of Campylophyllum sommerfeltii. Studies of more material of Campylophyllum in connection with the present treatment does not change this picture. The differences in size and midleaf cell width between Campylium squarroso-byssoides Mull. Hal. and C. sommerfeltii suggested by Hedenäs (1997a) are here interpreted as variations within a single species.

    Campylophyllum sommerfeltii has been reported from Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, and Bolivia (partly as C. hispidulum (Brid.) Hedenäs; e.g., Bowers, 1970; Buck, 1998; Churchill, 1994; Churchill & Linares, 1995; Delgadillo etal., 1995; Menzel, 1992; Sharp et al., 1994; Winkler, 1965). I have not seen material from El Salvador (Winkler, 1965), Costa Rica (Bowers, 1970), or Brazil (Delgadillo et al., 1995). On the other hand, I have added Honduras and Guadeloupe to the geographical range of the species. Campylophyllum sommerfeltii is recognized by its small size, shoots with at least some spreading to recurved leaves, short double costae that rarely end in obtuse spines, laminal cells that are partially prorate on the back of the leaves, and (when the leaves narrow abruptly upward) a channeled leaf acumen that constitutes (40-)43-62(-65)% of the leaf length. The alar groups in the neotropical material are generally small and delimited to relatively marginal parts of the leaf base, and consist of quadrate to elongate-rectangular cells. Thus, the N American C. hispidulum, with alar groups that extend 50-65% from the margin to the leaf middle and alar cells that are transverse-rectangular to short-rectangular, does not seem to occur within the neotropical area. Large specimens of Campylophyllum sommerfeltii are sometimes confused with small specimens of Campyliadelphus chrysophyllus, but Campylophyllum sommerfeltii has prorate laminal cells and/or a costa that ends in small spines in at least some leaves (never a single, long costa), and smaller alar cells (to 8.5-16.0 vs. 10.5-17.5(-21.0) µm wide in Campyliadelphus chrysophyllus). However, in most cases, the longer stem leaves of C. chrysophyllus ((0.7-)0.8-1.7 mm) than of C. sommerfeltii (0.5-0.8(-0.9) mm) are enough to separate the two.

    Distribution and Ecology: Mexico (1550-3040 m a.s.l.), Guatemala (1830-3900 m), Honduras (1400 m), Haiti (1600-2000 m), Dominican Republic (960-2000 m), Guadeloupe (altitude unknown), Colombia (2800-2900 m), Venezuela (2350 m), Ecuador (500-2600 m), Peru (2220-3900 m), and Bolivia (2200-2300 m). Widespread in temperate (to arctic) N America and Eurasia, also in subtropical mountains in SE Asia. Earlier reports from C and E Africa (Potier de la Varde, 1951, 1955) were found to be erroneous by Crundwell & Nyholm (1962). Grows on soil, boulders, rocks, rotten wood, or as an epiphyte, mostly in humid or shaded locations. Often collected on moist soil or sometimes on roadside rocks.

  • Distribution

    Mexico North America| Chiapas Mexico North America| Distrito Federal Mexico North America| Hidalgo Mexico North America| Jalisco Mexico North America| México Mexico North America| Michoacán Mexico North America| Oaxaca Mexico North America| Puebla Mexico North America| San Luis Potosí Mexico North America| Tlaxcala Mexico North America| Veracruz Mexico North America| Zacatecas Mexico North America| Guatemala Central America| Chimaltenango Guatemala Central America| Sacatepéquez Guatemala Central America| San Marcos Guatemala Central America| Honduras Central America| Lempira Honduras Central America| Haiti South America| Dominican Republic South America| Independencia Dominican Republic South America| La Vega Dominican Republic South America| Pedernales Dominican Republic South America| Guatemala Central America| Colombia South America| Huila Colombia South America| Nariño Colombia South America| Venezuela South America| Mérida Venezuela South America| Ecuador South America| Azuay Ecuador South America| Napo Ecuador South America| Peru South America| Amazonas Peru South America| Apurímac Peru South America| Bolivia South America| Cochabamba Bolivia South America|