Pavonia castaneifolia A.St.-Hil. & Naudin

Authority

Fryxell, Paul A. 1999. Cavanilles (Malvaceae). Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 76: 1-284. (Published by NYBG Press)

Family

Malvaceae

Scientific Name

Pavonia castaneifolia A.St.-Hil. & Naudin

Type

Type. Brazil. Blanchet 33 (holotype, P as photo F-35468; isotype, CTES [fragment]).

Synonyms

Pavonia longipes Standl., Pavonia longipes var. hirsuta A.Robyns, Malache castaneifolia (A.St.-Hil. & Naudin) Kuntze, Typhalea castaneifolia (A.St.-Hil. & Naudin) Britton ex R.O.Williams & Cheesman

Description

Species Description - Subshrubs 0.5-1 m tall, the stems minutely stellate-pubescent, the hairs often appressed. Leaf blades mostly 9-18(-28) x 2.5-7.5(-10) cm, elliptic to oblanceolate or obovate, sometimes subrhombic, penninerved, basally cuneate or narrowly truncate, serrate, acuminate, minutely stellate-pubescent, sometimes subglabrous on upper surface; petioles 0.5-7 cm long (shorter upward); stipules 6-16 mm long, narrowly lanceolate, erect. Inflorescences on long leafless peduncles, open racemes or condensed heads, the pedicels (or groups thereof) subtended by stipuliform bracts, each pedicel 0.5-1 (-5) cm long; involucellar bracts 8-10, basally gamophyllous, 8-10(-14) x ca. l(-3) mm, minutely pubescent, hirsute (hairs 1-2 mm long) or rarely glabrous; calyx 3-6 mm long, largely concealed by involucel, sparsely pubescent; corolla up to 12 mm long, white or pink. Fruits 6-9 mm diam., essentially glabrous, longitudinally costate, the mericarp body 6-9 x 3-4 mm, 3-spined, the spines 4-7 mm long, retrorsely barbed, the lateral spines 3-4 mm apart at base.

Discussion

Pavonia castaneifolia is closely related to P. fruticosa, P. nemoralis, P. parva, P. peruviana, P. schiedeana, and P. stellata. It differs from P. fruticosa in having more (8-11), narrower involucellar bracts, prominently veined (vs. smooth) carpels, and less crowded spines at the apex of the mericarps. It differs from P. nemoralis in having prominently veined (vs. smooth) carpels and less crowded spines at the apex of the mericarps but shares the relatively large number of narrower involucellar bracts. It differs from P. peruviana in lacking appressed simple hairs on the upper leaf surface but shares the prominently veined carpels. It differs from P. schiedeana in having larger flowers and fruits and in having prominently veined (vs. smooth) carpels. It differs from P. stellata most obviously in that the latter has only a solitary spine (rather than 3) at the apex of the carpel. It differs from P. parva by the characters given in the key.

Common Names

Wiawia

Distribution

Widely distributed from Costa Rica to Brazil and Bolivia, often growing in the shaded understory of wet forests, sometimes in disturbed habitats. The type locality for Pavonia longipes is at 9°20'N, 82°30'W; that for P. longipes var. hirsuta is at 08°02'N, 77°40'W.

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