Zygia racemosa (Ducke) Barneby & J.W.Grimes

Authors

Rupert C. Barneby

Authority

Barneby, Rupert C. & Grimes, James W. 1997. Silk tree, guanacaste, monkey's earring: A generic system for the synandrous Mimosaceae of the Americas. Part II. , , and . Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 74: 1-149.

Family

Mimosaceae

Scientific Name

Zygia racemosa (Ducke) Barneby & J.W.Grimes

Type

"[BRAZIL. Pará:] ... ad coloniam Santa Rosa prope viam ferream inter Belem et Bragança, 11-X- 1908 (H. A. M. P. 9.725); ad Obidos l[egit] A. Ducke, 10-IX-1910 (n. 11.031); ad flumen Jaramacarú in vicinitate regionis Campos do Ariramba dictae l[egit] A. Du

Synonyms

Marmaroxylon racemosum (Ducke) Killip ex Record, Abarema racemosa (Ducke) Kleinhoonte, Punjuba racemiflora (F.Donn.Sm.) Britton & Rose

Description

Species Description - Unarmed microphyllidious trees (6-)8-30 m with trunk 1-6 dm dbh and bark exfoliating in plates, the new branchlets, lf-axes, and whole cauliflorous inflorescence pilosulous (strigulose) or tomentulose with sordid or brown-gold, spreading or procumbently curved hairs to 0.1-0.35(-0.4) mm, the pallid epidermis of annotinous branches splitting vertically and exfoliating, the lvs bicolored, the firmly papery glabrous lfts dark-olivaceous sublustrous above, paler beneath, the short dense, simple or weakly branched pseudoracemes of small, fasciculate capitula arising from knotty brachyblasts on annotinous and older wood; branching monopodial, each branchlet of the year tipped by a loosely imbricate perule of cataphylloid stipules; axillary resting buds in many lf-axils similar to terminal perulate bud but smaller. Stipules of expanding lvs slenderly lanceolate acute or lance-ovate obtuse (2-)2.5-10(-13) x 0.7-2.5 mm, the stiffly papery, glabrous or glabrate blade 3-7-nerved dorsally, early deciduous. Lf-formula (iii—)iv—viii (-x)/(l 1—)12— 19(—23); lf-stks of larger lvs (4-)5-14 cm, the ventrally flattened or shallowly sulcate petiole (including discolored obese but not wrinkled pulvinus) 3-24(-28) mm, at middle (0.8-) 1-2.2 mm diam, the longer interpinnal segments 12-28(-30) mm; a (sub)sessile cupular, round or transversely elliptic, sometimes crumpled, thick-rimmed nectary 0.8-2.5 mm diam immediately below first pinna-pair and smaller ones at furthest or several further pairs, yet smaller ones, sometimes distinctly but shortly stipitate, between some distal pairs of lfts; pinnae strongly decrescent proximally, less or not so distally, the rachis of penultimate pair 5—9.5(—11) cm, the longest interfoliolar segments (3-)3.5-7.5(-8) mm, all segments 3-sulcate ventrally at middle and pinched at insertion of lfts; lft-pulvin- ules 0.2-0.4 x 0.8-1.2 mm, the lfts appearing sessile against pinna-rachis; lfts opposite, decrescent proximally (the anterior one of proximal pair often lacking or reduced to a paraphyllidium), scarcely so distally, the blades narrowly oblong from obliquely truncate, angulately dilated or short-auriculate base, nearly always retuse and apiculate in the sinus, rarely broad 20.5) x (3—)3.3—6.5(—7) mm, 2.5-3.7 times as long as wide; venation except for always finely prominulous, diagonal, gently sigmoid or almost straight midrib immersed or only faintly raised externally, palmate and then pinnate, the inner posterior nerve produced to anastomosis beyond midblade, the secondary nerves from anterior side of midrib 3-5, all faint, no tertiary venules externally visible. Pseudoracemes either simple or proximally paniculately branched, the primary axis (1 —)2— 10(— 14) cm; peduncles (l-)2-4 per node, the longer ones (1.5—)3—11 mm, each fascicle subtended by a deltate deciduous bract 0.4—1 mm; capitula 12—25-fid, the axis 1—2(—2.5) mm; floral bracts ovate or spatulate 0.25-0.6 mm, persistent; fls sessile; perianth 5-merous, the fl-buds prior to anthesis pyriform, pinkish or greenish, gray- or brown- puberulent overall; calyx campanulate or hemispherical 0.7-1.1 x 0.7-0.9 mm, the depressed-deltate teeth 0.05-0.15 mm; corolla narrowly trumpet-shaped 3.2-4.3(4.5) mm, described as pale brown, salmon-pink, yellow, orange, or whitish (but brunnescent when dry), the erect ovate lobes 0.6-1.1 mm; androecium 18-22(-25)-merous, (9-) 11-15.5 mm, when fresh ochroleucous, whitish, yellow-tipped, or orange, the tube (5.2-)6.5-9.5 mm, dilated distally, slightly thickened internally at base, the stemonozone ±0.5 mm, disc 0; style linear, shortly exserted from androecium; ovary sessile, narrowly elliptic in profile 1.2-1.8 mm, smooth or micropapillate at anthesis, densely brownish-tomentulose after fertilization. Pods 1-3 per capitulum, sessile, in profile linear 4—7 x 0.7-1 cm, falcately recurved or nearly straight, compressed but plump (in cross-section grossly I-shaped), the woody sutures ±2-3.5 mm wide, the stiffly coriaceous, internally resinous valves low-colliculate over seeds and depressed between them, mostly 8-12-seeded (but ovules sometimes to 24), the whole fruit densely bronze-brown-tomentulose overall with short crowded (but not "stellate") trichomes, the crumpled brown endocarp produced inward as complete or incomplete interseminal septa; dehiscence follicular, through the ventral suture, the valves widely gaping to expose the seeds; seed-funicle subfiliform; seeds (few seen) transverse or obliquely basipetal, in broad view 6-6.5 x 5 mm, the papery brown testa lacking pleurogram, loosely investing the plumply compressed, biconvex embryo.

Distribution and Ecology - In terra firme forest, commonly on clay substrates below 200 m, entering Amazonian caatinga on sandy soils, and ascending in the Guianas to upland forest at 450-600 m, frequent and widespread in the centr. and E Amazon basin, extending W up the Solimoes into Loreto, Peru, and the Juruá into Amazonas, Colombia, S into Rondônia and Maranhão, Brazil, N into Venezuelan Guay ana (Bolívar), S Guyana (upper Es- sequibo River), Surinam, and French Guiana. — Map 22. — Fl. (V-VII)VIII-I.

Common Names

Angelim pedra, angelim rajado, ingá-rana, urubuzeiro, manaliballi, senkiehaedo, sineki-oudou, bois serpent , Pashaco, pashaco cutanillo

Distribution

Loreto Peru South America| Amazonas Colombia South America| Rondônia Brazil South America| Maranhão Brazil South America| Bolivar Guyana South America| French Guiana South America|