Cyphomandra sciadostylis Sendtn.
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Authority
Bohs, Lynn A. 1994. Cyphomandra (Solanaceae). Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 63: 154. (Published by NYBG Press)
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Family
Solanaceae
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Scientific Name
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Type
Type. Brazil. São Paulo: circa Mogyguacu, Aug 1834 (fl), Martius 330 (lectotype, BR, here designated. Chosen from syntypes Martius 330 and Sellow 179).
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Synonyms
Cyphomandra sciadostylis var. ovato-lanceolata Dunal, Cyphomandra sciadostylis var. hirsuta Witasek, Cyphomandra reitzii L.B.Sm. & Downs, Cyphomandra sciadostylis var. trichocarpa Hassl.
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Description
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Species Description - Small tree or shrub 1-3 m tall. Branches densely puberulent and often also sparsely to densely pilose with hairs 2-4 mm long. Leaf blades simple, pinnately lobed, or pinnately compound, subcoriaceous, acuminate at apex, sparsely to densely puberulent and also frequently pilose adaxially, moderately to densely puberulent to pubescent abaxially; petioles densely puberulent and often also sparsely to moderately pilose. Trunk leaves unlobed to (2-) 5-9-pinnate or pinnatifid, occasionally irregularly lobed with smaller interstitial leaflets; if unlobed, the blade ovate-elliptic, 7-18 cm long, 5-10.5 cm wide, length:width ratio ca. 1.5-2:1, the base cordate with basal lobes 0.5-2 cm long; if lobed or compound, the blade 8-28 cm long, 6.5-23 cm wide, the terminal leaflet elliptic or oblong, 6-11.5 cm long, 1.5-5 cm wide, the base cuneate, the petiolule 0-3 mm long, the lateral leaflets 3-11 cm long, 1.5-4 cm wide, sessile, the upper lateral leaflets basiscopically decurrent, oblique; petioles 3-10 cm long. Crown leaves 4 per sympodial unit, unlobed or (2-)3-5-pinnate or pinnatifid; if unlobed, the blade ovate or elliptic, 2.5-18 cm long, 2-12 cm wide, length:width ratio ca. 1-2.5:1, the base truncate to cordate with basal lobes 0-2 cm long; if lobed or compound, the blade 6-15 cm long, 8-15 cm wide, the terminal leaflet elliptic, 6-14 cm long, 1.5-3.5 cm wide, the base cuneate, the petiolule absent, the lateral leaflets spreading or ascending, 4-9 cm long, 1.5-3 cm wide, sessile; petioles 1-6 cm long. Inflorescence unbranched, 10-20-flowered, 3.5-12 cm long; peduncle 1.5-3 cm long; rachis 1.5-9 cm long; pedicels 10-20 mm long, ca. 15-30 mm long in fruit, deflexed, (1-)3-10 mm apart, articulated above the base, leaving pedicellar remnants 1-4 mm long; peduncle, rachis, and pedicels densely puberulent and often also sparsely to moderately pilose. Flower buds oblong, obtuse at apex. Calyx chartaceous, densely pubescent to pilose, the radius 3-5 mm, the lobes 2-3 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, deltate, acute. Corolla pink, purple, or white, fleshy, campanulate, the radius 7-15 mm, the tube 1-3 mm long, the lobes triangular, 5-11 mm long, 2-5 mm wide, glabrous to densely pubescent abaxially, especially along midrib and toward apex, glabrous to densely papillose adaxially, the margin tomentose, the apex acute. Anther thecae violet, oblong, 4-5 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, the pores directed abaxially and laterally; connective 4-5 mm long, 0.5-2 mm wide, the color unknown, broad at base, narrowed distally, abaxially slightly shorter than thecae at apex, about equal to or slightly exceeding them at base, adaxially present or absent. Ovary densely puberulent; style densely puberulent, cylindrical to obconical, strongly dilated distally, 3-4 mm long, 1-1.5 mm in diam., exserted ca. 1 mm beyond stamens; stigma peltiform, biglandular, 2-4 mm in diam. Fruit ellipsoidal, ovoid, or fusiform, acute at apex, 2.5-3.5 cm long, 0.7-2 cm in diam., densely glandular- and eglandular-pubescent, apparently whitish when ripe with darker green longitudinal stripes; mesocarp with ellipsoidal stone cell aggregates about 3-7 mm long and 3-4 mm wide; seeds unknown.
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Discussion
Like C. diploconos, this species has ornamental potential.
Cyphomandra sciadostylis can be distinguished from all other species in the genus by its densely puberulent style. It belongs to the C. diploconos group by virute of its fleshy campanulate corolla, broad curved stamens with the connective abruptly narrowed above the base, expanded style and stigma, and puberulent fruits. Cyphomandra sciadostylis most closely resembles C. diploconos. Both species share the traits enumerated above, as well as frequently pinnately lobed trunk leaves, paired crown leaves, and strongly dilated stigmas and styles. It differs from C. diploconos in its puberulent style, abundant vegetative pubescence, and acute fruits with stone cell aggregates.A few collections from Paraná and Sáo Paulo, namely Hatschbach 23256, Hatschbach 40309, Krapovickas & Cristobal 33649, and Hammar 5882, are distinctive in having elongated fusiform fruits and abundant long (3-4 mm) hairs on the the stem, leaves, and inflorescences. The anther connective in these collections is somewhat broader than is usual and is very pronounced on the adaxial side, but otherwise the floral structure conforms to C. sciadostylis.Dunal, Hassler, and Witasek described varieties of C. sciadostylis. Dunal’s variety ovato-lanceolata and Hassler’s variety trichocarpa have no detectable differences from "typical" C. sciadostylis. The type of Witasek’s variety hirsuta is also alike in all particulars except that it has a larger number of long eglandular hairs on the leaves and stems. Although the longer hairs are denser on this specimen than is usual in C. sciadostylis, long hairs are not uncommon in this species. For this reason, I do not feel that Witasek’s variety should be recognized as a distinct taxon.Sendtner did not cite any collection numbers for his syntypes of C. sciadostylis. One specimen at BR, Martius 330, bears the same locality data as the collection cited by Sendtner and has been designated as the lectotype. The only sign of the Sellow syntype that I could find is a fragment at F labelled Sellow 179 taken from a B sheet that has apparently been destroyed.Rojas 10863, the type of C. sciadostylis variety trichocarpa Hassler, probably consists of several specimens collected at different times and all given the same number. The specimen at G bearing Hassler’s label and annotations is here chosen as the lectotype. Unfortunately, this specimen has neither fruits nor flowers, so the isolectotypes should also be consulted to gain a concept of the critical characters of this taxon.Witasek did not specify a single sheet to serve as the holotype of her variety hirsuta, so the collection at WU annotated by her has been chosen as the lectotype.Vellozo possibly pictured this species as Solanum conicum in Plate 96 of his Flora Fluminensis. A type specimen is lacking, and therefore a critical identification cannot be made. For further details of Solanum conicum Veil., a synonym of S. fluminense Steud., see DOUBTFUL NAMES. -
Common Names
Baga de bugre, Baga de veado
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Objects
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Distribution
Thickets, margins of fields, and Araucaria stands at ca. 200-1600 m in elevation, southeastern Brazil and adjacent areas of Argentina and Paraguay. Flowering specimens have been collected in all months of the year except March and July, with a flowering peak in August through January. Fruiting specimens have been collected in January through April, June, and October through December.
Brazil South America| Minas Gerais Brazil South America| Paraná Brazil South America| São Paulo Brazil South America| Paraguay South America| Corrientes Argentina South America| Argentina South America| Misiones Argentina South America|