Cyphomandra pilosa Bohs

  • Authority

    Bohs, Lynn A. 1994. Cyphomandra (Solanaceae). Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 63: 154. (Published by NYBG Press)

  • Family

    Solanaceae

  • Scientific Name

    Cyphomandra pilosa Bohs

  • Type

    Type. Peru. San Martín: Prov. Mariscal Caceres, region of Tocache Nuevo, Cerro de Palo Blanco, near the bridge over the Río Tocache, side of path in virgin forest, 600800 m, 27 Apr 1983 (fl), Bohs & Schunke 2169 (holotype, GH; isotypes, COL, F, G, K, MO, NY, S, US, USM).

  • Description

    Deprecated: mb_convert_encoding(): Handling HTML entities via mbstring is deprecated; use htmlspecialchars, htmlentities, or mb_encode_numericentity/mb_decode_numericentity instead in /home/emu/nybgweb/www-dev/htdocs/science-dev/wp-content/themes/nybgscience/lib/VHMonographsDetails.php on line 179

    Species Description - Small tree 1-5 m tall. Branches densely pubescent-pilose with hairs up to 3 mm long. Leaf blades simple, unlobed, chartaceous to rather fleshy, abruptly short-acuminate at apex, moderately pubescent and also pilose adaxially with hairs 1-3 mm long, more densely pubescent on veins, densely pubescent-pilose abaxially; petioles densely pilose. Trunk leaves simple, unlobed, the blade elliptic-ovate, 22-45 cm long, 11-20 cm wide, length: width ratio (1.5-)2(-3): 1, the base truncate to cordate with basal lobes (0.5-)l-2(-3) cm long; petioles 4-12 cm long. Crown leaves 3 per sympodial unit, simple, unlobed, the blade elliptic-ovate to elliptic-oblong, 4-30 cm long, 2.5-12 cm wide, length:width ratio 1-3(-4):1, the base cuneate to truncate or shallowly cordate with basal lobes up to 1 cm long; petioles 1-4 cm long. Inflorescence unbranched, rarely forked or further branched, 15-35(-50)-flowered, 3-18 cm long; peduncle 1-6 cm long; rachis 1.5-12 cm long; pedicels 10-20(-25) mm long, 20-30 mm long in fruit, 1-5 mm apart, articulated near the base, leaving pedicellar remnants less than 1 mm long; peduncle, rachis, and pedicels densely pubescent-pilose. Flower buds ovoid, acute at apex. Calyx fleshy, moderately pilose, the radius 2-3 mm, the lobes 1-2 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, deltate, apiculate. Corolla white to yellow green or purplish abaxially, greenish-brown, violet, or black adaxially, coriaceous or fleshy, campanulate to stellate, the radius 8-16 mm, the tube 1.5-2.5 mm long, the lobes narrowly triangular, 7-15 mm long, 2-4 mm wide, nearly glabrous to moderately pilose abaxially, papillose to glabrous adaxially, the margin tomentose, the apex acute. Anther thecae white, lanceolate, 3-4 mm long, 1 mm wide, the pores directed distally and somewhat laterally; connective yellow, narrowly triangular, 3-5 mm long, 1 mm wide, abaxially equal to thecae at apex, exceeding them by 1 mm at base, adaxially present or absent. Ovary glabrous or finely pubescent; style cylindrical, glabrous, slightly dilated distally, 4-5 mm long, 1 mm in diam., exserted 2 mm beyond stamens; stigma truncate or capitate, 1-1.5 mm in diam. Fruit ellipsoidal or globose, obtuse or rarely acute at apex, 2.5-5 cm long, 1.5-2.5 cm in diam., moderately to densely pilose, green when immature with darker green or whitish stripes, possibly white when ripe; presence of stone cell aggregates in mesocarp unknown; seeds ca. 3-4 mm long, 3.5-4 mm wide, densely pubescent.

  • Discussion

    The lowland Quechua in Prov. Napo, Ecuador use the leaves of this species to smoke clay pots used for storing chicha, a fermented beverage (Irvine 149). A poultice of the leaves is used for muscle cramps in Prov. Pastaza, Ecuador (Shemluck 319). In Loreto, Peru, the Boras crush the leaves and mix them with water for bathing (Treacy & Alcorn 67). The Mayna Jivaro of Loreto, Peru, apply the leaves to the chest as a poultice to relieve respiratory congestion, especially in children (Lewis et al. 10126,14406).

    Both C. pilosa and C. foetida of the eastern Andean slope have shallowly cordate leaves, pubescent fruits, and abundant long hairs on the leaves and branches. Despite these similarities, it is doubtful that the two species are closely related. Cyphomandra pilosa differs from C. foetida in its longer and narrower leaves, very short pedicellar remnants, and globose fruits with obtuse apices. The long hairs, fleshy campanulate corollas, and usually unbranched inflorescences of C. pilosa resemble those of C. tenuisetosa. Cyphomandra pilosa differs from this species in its pubescent fruits, truncate to very shallowly cordate and exclusively unlobed leaves, and shorter anthers, styles, and calyces. A close relationship between C. pilosa and C. tenuisetosa is possible, but at present the true affinities of C. pilosa are obscure.

  • Common Names

    Asua manga cushnichina yura, manga caspi, pungi huanduj, Chupo sacha macho, tsuna, tsuná japimiarman, wantsaunik

  • Objects

    Specimen - 724787, A. F. Skutch 4401, Solanum calidum (Bohs) Bohs, Solanaceae (287.0), Magnoliophyta; South America, Ecuador

    Specimen - 724793, J. M. Schunke-Vigo 10211, Solanum calidum (Bohs) Bohs, Solanaceae (287.0), Magnoliophyta; South America, Peru, Huánuco, Leoncio Prado Prov.

    Specimen - 724789, J. M. Schunke-Vigo 10940, Solanum calidum (Bohs) Bohs, Solanaceae (287.0), Magnoliophyta; South America, Peru, San Martín, Mariscal Cáceres Prov.

  • Distribution

    Clearings, paths, and light gaps in primary forest, 100-1850 m in elevation, eastern slope of the Andes from southern Colombia to Ecuador and Peru. Flowering specimens have been collected in all months of the year. Fruiting specimens have been collected in June through October and December.

    Colombia South America| Caquetá Colombia South America| Putumayo Colombia South America| Ecuador South America| Morona-Santiago Ecuador South America| Napo Ecuador South America| Pastaza Ecuador South America| Zamora-Chinchipe Ecuador South America| Peru South America| Huánuco Peru South America| Loreto Peru South America| San Martín Peru South America|