Campylopus surinamensis Müll.Hal.
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Authority
Frahm, Jan-Peter. 1991. Dicranaceae: Campylopodioideae, Paraleucobryoideae. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 54: 1-238. (Published by NYBG Press)
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Family
Dicranaceae
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Scientific Name
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Type
Type. Surinam. Near Paramaribo, Kegel 516 (holotype, destroyed at B; lectotypus nov., H-BR; isolectotypes, GOET, PC).
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Synonyms
Campylopus catumbensis Broth., Campylopus costaricensis E.B.Bartram, Campylopus donnellii (Austin) Lesq. & James, Campylopus gracilicaulis Mitt., Campylopus marmellensis Broth., Campylopus minarum Paris, Dicranum laxobasis Müll.Hal., Campylopus subleucogaster (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger, Dicranum donnellii Austin, Dicranum subleucogaster Müll.Hal.
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Description
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Species Description - Plants to 3 cm high, with a rosette of basal leaves, appressed stem leaves and a terminal comal tuft, yellowish green. Stems erect, not branched. Leaves about 5 mm long, lanceolate, ending in a serrate tip. Costa filling V2 of the leaf base, in transverse section with ventral hyalocysts and dorsal groups of stereids, ridged at back, ending in the leaf tip or excurrent, especially in comal leaves. Alar cells weakly developed, hyaline or brownish. Basal laminal cells rectangular, incrassate, 10-16 × 32-60 µm, narrower at margins. Upper laminal cells short rectangular, 5-6 × 15-20 µn, varying in length between 1:2 and 1:4, rarely to 1:6. Involucral leaves with broad ovate base, suddenly contracted into a long fine strongly denticulate subhyaline point, with hyaline thin-walled basal laminal cells. Seta about 9 mm long, sinuose or curved. Capsule curved, 1.5 mm long, asymmetric, brownish as the seta. Operculum longly rostrate. Calyptra ciliate at base. Vegetative propagation by small hooked propaguliferous leaves in the comal tufts.
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Discussion
Except for SE Brazil, Campylopus surinamensis is a lowland species. Records from the Andes of Peru concern either C. capitulatus or C. pauper, which resemble C. surinamensis morphologically with appressed foliate stems and comal tufts. Records from Uruguay belong to C. introflexus, in which female plants have a similar appearance with comal-tufted perichaetia.
Young plants, which consist only of a basal rosette and do not show this characteristic habit with slender stems and pencil-like comal tufts can be difficult to identify.Distribution and Ecology: On open acidic sandy soil, rarely on rotten wood, especially along rivers or in savannah vegetation in the Amazon lowland up to 100 m elevation in Brazil, extending to the Guianas, Venezuela, Peru and Bolivia, in SE Brazil from sea level up to 1500 m. Also collected in Cuba and Honduras. Frequent in the coastal lowland of SE United States.
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Objects
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Distribution
Honduras Central America| Toledo Belize Central America| Cuba South America| Piñar del Río Cuba South America| Venezuela South America| Amazonas Venezuela South America| Trinidad and Tobago South America| Guyana South America| Suriname South America| Peru South America| Loreto Peru South America| Brazil South America| Amazonas Brazil South America| Bahia Brazil South America| Espirito Santo Brazil South America| Goiás Brazil South America| Mato Grosso Brazil South America| Minas Gerais Brazil South America| Pará Brazil South America| Piauí Brazil South America| Rondônia Brazil South America| São Paulo Brazil South America| Bolivia South America| Beni Bolivia South America|