Banisteriopsis confusa B.Gates

  • Authority

    Gates, Bronwen. 1982. Banisteriopsis, Diplopterys (Malpighiaceae). Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 30: 1-238. (Published by NYBG Press)

  • Family

    Malpighiaceae

  • Scientific Name

    Banisteriopsis confusa B.Gates

  • Type

    Type. Anderson 11277, Brazil, Mato Grosso, Serra da Pimenteira, 25-35 km SW of town of Rio Verde, fl fr (holotype, MBM; isotypes, MICH, NY) .

  • Synonyms

    Banisteria velutina A.Juss.

  • Description

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    Latin Diagnosis - Frutex ramosus usque 3 m altus, interdum volubilis vel dumeta formans. Rami juniores teretes, dense aureo-brunnei velutini, rami vetustiores demum glabrati, lenticellis numerosis in rimis suberosis praesentibus. Stipulae minutae vel nullae. Folia opposita; lamina (3.5-)5.9-12.0 cm longa, 2.1-6.1 cm lata, in inflorescentia minori, ovata vel elliptica vel anguste ovata, basi obtusa cordatave, apice acuta apiculatave, margine plana revolutave, subtus basi prope costam 2 glandes pel-tatas 1.0-1.2 mm diametro gerenti, supra aureo-velutina, demum glabrata, pilis Y-formibus stipitatis, brachio 0.1-0.3 mm longo, subtus laxe albido-sericea, pilis T-formibus, pede 0.1-0.2 mm longo, trabecula recta vel flexuosa 0.8-1.4 mm longa, venis venulisque supra prominulis vel parum impressis, subtus prominen-tibus; petiolo 6-13 mm longo, gracili, aureo-velutino, eglanduloso. Inflorescentia floribus in umbellis 4-floriferis fasciculatis foliis adultis vel redactis subtends, umbellis in cymis dispositis, aureo-brunnea-velutina; bracteis bracteolisque 2.0-3.0 mm longis, lanceolatis, abaxialiter sericeis vel glabratis, adaxialiter glabris ante vel per anthesin caducis; pedicellis sessilibus 10-20 mm longis, 0.9-1.1 mm diametro, 0.5-0.7 mm sine indumento, velutinis. Sepala 5, abaxialiter sericea, minute velutina adaxialiter, 3.8-5.0 mm longa, 2.0-3.2 mm lata, elliptica oblongave, apice rotundata et saepe revoluta, 4 lateralia glandes virides vel badias 2.0-3.4 mm longas et 1.0-1.5 mm latas gerentia, glandes 2.2-2.8 mm superantia. Petala 5, alba, aetate luteola, fimbriata, 4 lateralia inter sepala patentia, ungue 1.5-2.5 mm longo, 0.5-0.8 mm lato, limbo 7.5-10.0(-11.5) mm longo, 7.0-9.0(-10.5) mm lato, orbiculari, eglanduloso, 2 anterioribus quam 2 posterioribus concavioribus, petalum posticum ungue erecto 3.5-4.0 mm longo, 0.6-1.0 mm lato versus apicem, non contracto, limbo 7.0-9.0(-10.5) mm longo, 6.0-8.5(-9.5) mm lato, orbiculari, retroflexo, piano convexove, fimbriis basalibus glandulosis. Stamina 10, filamentis 2.0-4.0 mm longis, proximaliter connatis, glabris; antherae retroflexae, loculis 0.8-1.4 mm longis, pilosis pilis apice et basi caespitosis, connectivis canarinis, petalis oppositis 0.6-1.0 mm longis, 0.4-0.7 mm latis, 0.2-0.6 mm profundis, parum glandulosis vel solum 2 petalis anterioribus oppositis glandulosis, illis se-palis oppositis (0.9-) 1.2-1.6 mm longis, 0.6-1.0 mm latis, 0.5-1.0 mm profundis, glandulosis dilatatisque, illis 3 sepalis anticis oppositis loculos 0.4-0.6 mm superantibus. Ovarium 1.0-1.4 mm altum, carpellis 3, uniovulatis, liberis, toro pyramidali adnatis, candido-sericeis; styli 3, aequales 2.5-3.0 mm longi, recti pa-rallelique, decrescentes versus apicem usque 0.4 mm diametro, stigmatibus capitatis. Fructus ex samaris (vel abortu 1-2) constans; samara carpophoro usque 3.0 mm longo, 0.6 mm lato, nuce ovoidea 5-9 mm alta, 3.5-5.0 mm longa, parum rugosa vel alulata, alulis usque 8 mm longis, sparsim appresso-pubescenti, pilis rigidis, basi distaliter prominente dentata, ala 14-24(-30) mm longa, 10-13(-15) mm lata, appresso-sericea vel glabrata, pilis sessilibus trabecula recta 1.4-1.6 mm longa; alis 2 posterioribus ad alam anticam subparallelibus; loculo nucis internus dense piloso.

  • Discussion

    Collected in flower January to March, May to July, September, October and December, and in fruit in February, March, July and December.

    Banisteriopsis confusa may be distinguished from B. malifolia by its larger, plane leaves with longer petioles and shorter hairs abaxially, its more vining habit and its inflorescence. In some of these characters, B. confusa approaches B. adenopoda and is somewhat intermediate between B. malifolia and B. adenopoda ; B. confusa can be distinguished from B. adenopoda by its basal leaf glands, less enlarged stamen connectives and straight styles, and its fruit without the prominent lateral wings of B. adenopoda. It is possible that some hybridisation between these two species occurs in southern Minas Gerais and Sao Paulo where they occur sympatrically, but biosystematic studies are needed to resolve this. The few collections of B. confusa from this area are disjunct from the rest of the taxon; this disjunction may be only apparent, however, due to the destruction of the natural vegetation of São Paulo.

    There is considerable variation in leaf shape and size in this species; in the case of collections from vining individuals, this may be because the larger leaves were not collected. One of the collections from Rondonia, Black & Cordeiro 525189, is unusual in its narrowly elliptic, rugulose, glabrate leaves; with so few collections from Rondonia, the significance of this variance is hard to evaluate.

  • Distribution

    Collected in Rondônia and Mato Grosso and also in Minas Gerais and São Paulo in Brazil, and in SE Paraguay and Bolivia.

    Brazil South America| Rondônia Brazil South America| Mato Grosso Brazil South America| Minas Gerais Brazil South America| São Paulo Brazil South America| Bolivia South America| Paraguay South America|