Mastigolejeunea auriculata (Wilson & Hook.) Schiffn.
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Authority
Gradstein, S. Robbert. 1994. Lejeuneaceae: Ptychantheae, Brachiolejeuneae. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 62: 216. (Published by NYBG Press)
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Family
Lejeuneaceae
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Scientific Name
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Type
Type. "On Trees, New Orleans and Louisiana," Drummond, Musci Americani (Southern States) 170 (holotype, BM; isotypes, MANCH, PC).
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Synonyms
Phragmicoma teretiuscula Lindenb. & Gottsche, Phragmicoma humilis Gottsche, Phragmicoma salvadorica Ångstr., Phragmicoma carinata Mitt., Mastigolejeunea boliviensis Steph., Mastigolejeunea crispula Steph., Mastigolejeunea cruegeri Steph., Mastigolejeunea cubensis Gottsche ex Steph., Mastigolejeunea pittieri Steph., Mastigolejeunea subvirens Steph., Mastigolejeunea innovans (Spruce) Steph., Jungermannia auriculata Wilson & Hook., Lejeunea auriculata (Wilson & Hook.) Sull., Ptychocoleus auriculatus (Wilson & Hook.) Trevis., Phragmicoma versicolor Lehm. & Lindenb., Mastigolejeunea teretiuscula (Lindenb. & Gott) Steph., Ptychocoleus humilis (Gott) Trevis., Mastigolejeunea humilis (Gott) Schiffn., Mastigolejeunea carinata (Mitt.) Steph., Lejeunea auriculata var. virens Spruce, Lejeunea auriculata (Wilson & Hook.) Sull., Mastigolejeunea auriculata (Wilson & Hook.) Schiffn.
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Description
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Species Description - Autoicous or dioicous. Plants up to 5 cm long × 1.5-2(-2.5) mm wide, deep green to dull brown to blackish. Stems 0.15-0.25 mm in diam., in cross section composed of 15-30 epidermal cells surrounding 30-70 medullary cells, dorsal epidermal cells 1.5-3× larger than other stem cells; ventral merophyte 5-10 cell rows wide. Leaves when moist weakly to strongly convex, sometimes crisped, dorsal lobe oblong-ovate, 0.8-1.4 × 0.6-0.9 mm, 1.2-1.5(-1.7)× longer than wide, apex rounded or obtuse, plane, ventral margin often tilted vertically and upcurved to become hollow, sometimes plane, forming a wide angle or straight line with the keel; leaf cells in mid-leaf 25-40 × 15-25 µm, trigones usually coarse, intermediate thickenings usually scarce; oil bodies finely segmented, 2-4 per cell, large, 4-10 × 3-4 µm, ellipsoid to globose. Lobules plane or inflated, ca. l/4-l/2x lobe length, subquadrate to ovate-rectangular, 0.3-0.5 × 0.2-0.3 mm, free margin plane or incurved, angled near the short (1-2 cells long) apical tooth, apex truncate or oblique, when oblique short or long continuing into the ventral leaf margin. Underleaves densely imbricate, usually concave and somewhat squarrose, broadly obdeltoid, 0.5-0.6 mm long × 0.55-0.8 mm wide, 3-4× stem width, apex plane or recurved, bases slightly auriculate. Androecia terminal or intercalary on non-specialized, elongated branches, bracts and bracteoles in 4-15 series, at base of spike about as large as leaves, becoming smaller towards spike apex (2/3× leaf size), lobules 2/3× lobe length, rather loosely imbricate. Gynoecia with l(-2) subfloral innovations, innovations usually repeatedly fertile and gynoecia often in seriate arrangement, bracts in one series, erect or obliquely spreading to subsquarose, lobe ovate-oblong, 1-1.5 mm long × 0.5-0.8 mm wide, apex obtuse to acute, lobule l/2-3/4× lobe length, apex variable, obtuse to broadly rounded to truncate; bracteole almost as long as the bracts, flat or squarrose, often gibbose, obovate-oblong, apex rounded to shallowly emarginate. Perianths immersed or emergent to 1/3, up to 1.5 mm long, obovate to cylindrical, flattened, sharply 3-keeled with one narrow, high ventral keel, keels smooth or irregularly and bluntly toothed-winged; beak short, 2-3 cells long. Sporophyte as in the genus. Terpenoids: the sesquiterpene alloaromadendrene has been detected as the major component of this species (Gradstein et al., 1985: as Mastigolejeunea humilis, coll. Gradstein 3836).
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Discussion
Mastigolejeunea auriculata prefers rather open, sunny habitats and is largely lacking in shaded rain forest habitats. It grows on bark in the canopy, in gaps and at the edges of evergreen forests, in dry scrubby vegetations and coastal bushes, and in plantations and gardens, or on rock. In the Antilles it has frequently been found on limestone and coral rock.
New World populations of Mastigolejeunea auriculata usually have rather strongly convex leaves, which are tilted vertically and have upcurved, sometimes undulated ventral margins. The underleaves are densely imbricate, hollow and often squarrose. Populations with rather plane leaves do occur but are less common; these plants approach M. plicatiflora. Differences between the two species are discussed under the latter.Lobules of Mastigolejeunea auriculata are ca. l/4-l/2× lobe length and almost flat to fully inflated. Inflated lobules typically have oblique, inflexed apical margins which continue rather longly into the ventral margin of the lobe. In plane lobules the apical margin is normally truncate, plane and ends rather abruptly at the keel. The apical tooth is always small, l(-2) cells long and straight. Sometimes the margin is emarginate at the proximal side of the tooth and the suggestion is given of second tooth. A discrete second tooth has not been observed in M. auriculata, however. Spruce described a variety virens from South America with bidentate lobules, but the type material of this variety has lobules with only one discrete tooth. Lobules with more than one tooth are characteristic of M. innovans.Innovations are normally single but in material from Mato Grosso paired innovations were frequently observed. Innovations are usually repeatedly fertile, giving rise to perianths in seriate arrangement. Strongly innovating specimens were sometimes erroneously named Mastigolejeunea innovans.Distribution and Ecology: Mastigolejeunea auriculata is a common pantropical species and has been described under many different names. In Africa the species has been known as M. carinata (Mitt.) Steph. and in Southeast Asia as M. humilis (Gott.) Schiffn. Its neotropical range is from sea level to about 1500 m and somewhat discontinuous. The species occurs throughout the coastal plain of southeastern United States, Central America and the greater Antilles, but lacks in the lesser Antilles. In South America Mastigolejeune auriculata occurs in the northernmost regions bordering the Caribbean, along the Andes, in central and southern Brazil and in Paraguay. The species is almost entirely lacking, however, in the rain forest regions of the Amazon and Orinoco basins, where is it is replaced by M.plicatiflora . Mastigolejeunea auriculata prefers rather open, sunny habitats and is largely lacking in shaded rain forest habitats. It grows on bark in the canopy, in gaps and at the edges of evergreen forests, in dry scrubby vegetations and coastal bushes, and in plantations and gardens or on rock. In the Antilles it has frequently been found on limestone and coral rock.
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Objects
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Distribution
Mexico North America| Chiapas Mexico North America| San Luis Potosí Mexico North America| Veracruz Mexico North America| Yucatán Mexico North America| Guatemala Central America| Belize Central America| Alta Verapaz Guatemala Central America| Honduras Central America| Atlántida Honduras Central America| Nicaragua Central America| Costa Rica South America| Panama Central America| Darién Panamá Central America| Panamá Panama Central America| Florida United States of America North America| Georgia United States of America North America| Mississippi United States of America North America| Louisiana United States of America North America| Bahamas South America| Long Island Bahamas South America| Cuba South America| La Habana Cuba South America| Guantánamo Cuba South America| Villa Clara Cuba South America| Jamaica South America| Saint Mary Jamaica South America| Saint Elizabeth Jamaica South America| Westmoreland Jamaica South America|